8B Unit1 Past and present
第2课时 Reading(1)
【教学目标】
1.学习四会单词和重点短语。
2.学会通过上下文猜测单词的词义，掌握阅读的技巧。
【预学检测】
一、预习Reading内容，回答下面的问题
1. Where was Mr. Chen born?
________________________________________________________________________
2.Was water pollution terrible before? Why or why not?
________________________________________________________________________
3.What did Mr. Chen often do with his friends?
_________________________________________________________________________
4.What does Mr. Chen think of the changes in Sunshine Town? [来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K]
_______
__________________________________________________________________
5.What did the government do after realizing the problem?
_________________________________________________________________________
6.Can Mr. Chen see his friends as often as before? [来源:学_科_网]
__________________________________________________________________________
二、翻译下面的短语
1、有时、不时地__________________2、把……变成______________________
3、在某些方面_____________________4、结婚___________________________
5、住在一起 ______________________6、从那时起________________________
7、改变很多 ______________________8、感到有点孤独____________________
9、一家钢铁厂_____________________10、我的大部分老朋友__________________
【知识点拨】
1. I’ve lived here since I was born.
用法：1. since 此处为连词，意为“自…以来”，引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句
用现在完成时。
举例： Tom has been in this room since he came here half an hour ago.
拓展：since 也可以用介词，后接表示过去的时间点。Since then 意为“从那时起”
e.g. We’ve known about it since then.
We haven’t seen each other since then.
2. Have you ever moved house?
用法：1. ever 用作副词，意为“曾经”
举例
： --Have you ever thought of changing your job? –No, never.
2. move 此处用作及物动词，意为“移动，搬动，迁移，搬家”
举例：He moved the sofa to the left.
He moved his family to a smaller house.
拓展：move 做不及物动词，意为“移动，离开，迁居，搬家”
e.g. They moved to Shanghai last year.
3. I first lived in the northern part of town with my parents.
用法：1. in the northern part of town = in the north of town 意为“在城镇的北部”northern 为形容词，意为“北方的，北部的”
4. When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then.
用法：1. get married 结婚
举例：My parents got married in 1985 and I was born in 1987.
拓展：get married 表示结婚的动作，在现在完成时中不可与表示段时间的时间状语连用，而be married 表示结婚的状态，可以与段时间连用。
e.g. They have got married.
They have been married for 30 years.= They got married 30 years ago,
2. marry 可以用作及物动词，其后跟人做宾语，意为“嫁，娶，和某人结婚”
举例： She married a rich man. 她嫁给了一个富豪。
The princess married a poor young man. 那位公主嫁给了一个穷小子。
marry 也可以用作不及物动词表示“结婚”
举例: He never married. 他终生未娶。
3. get/ be married to sb. 与某人结婚
举例： When did she get married to the man? 她什么时候与那个男人结的婚？
4. away 副词,意为“远离，离开”
举例： My birthday is
two days away. 我的生日还有两天。
Tom’s father is away from home. Tom的父亲离家在外。
5. Now the government has turned part of the town center into a new park.
用法：turn… into…把…变成…
举例： turn wastelands into rice fields 把荒地变为稻田[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]
They plan to turn the place into a modern hospital.
拓展： turn 作及物动词，意为“使改变；转动；翻译”
E.g. turn English into Chinese 把英语翻译成中文
turn 作连系动词，意为“变得”
e.g. Leaves turn yellow when autumn comes.
Turn 作可数名词，意为“轮流，轮次”
e.g. It’s your turn to clean the classroom.
6. Was pollution a problem then?
用法：1. pollution 不可数名词意为“污染”。常见短语：water pollution; noise pollution; air pollution等
举例： I think noise pollution can drive people mad. 我认为噪音污染能让人发疯。
2. problem 可数名词，意为“问题，难题”
举例: It’s not easy to work out the math problem.
7. They often put waste into the river.
用法：1. put… into… 把…放进…
举例： The soup is too salty. You should put some water into it. 这汤太咸了，你应该再放点水。
拓展：put 构成的常见短语
1. put on 穿上，戴上，上演（戏剧）
2. put out 伸出，扑灭[来源:Zxxk.Com]
3. put away 收起来，收好
4. put up 举起，张贴
5. put off 推迟
2. waste 此处用作不可数名词，意为“废物，废弃物”
举例：You should keep the waste in a special place.
拓展：1.waste 还可以作为“浪费”可与“a”连用
e.g. It is a waste of money to buy that kind of thing.
2.waste 还可以作为形容词，意为“废弃的，无用的”
e.g. He thought it was waste paper and threw it into the rubbish bin.
他以为这是废纸，把它扔进了垃圾箱。
3. waste 还可以作为动词，表示“浪费”
e.g. Time is money. You should not waste it.
8. Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.
用法：1. realize 及物动词，意为“意识到”
举例：He has realized his mistake already.
2. take action 采取行动 take action to do sth.= act to do sth.
举例：They took action to protect wild animals.
3. improve 及物动词，意为“改进，改善”名词形式为“improvement”
举例： I want to improve my English.
9. Now, the river is much cleaner.
用法：1. much cleaner much用来修饰比较级，意为“…的多”
举例： I have much more time than you.
拓展：一般常见的修饰比较级的词有：much, even, a little, a bit等。
10. Well, in some ways it is.
用法：1. in some ways 意为“在某种程度上，在某些方面”
举例：In some ways he is a good student because he is helpful. 从某种程度上来说，他是一个好学生因为他乐于助人。
拓展： in many ways 从很多方面来说 in no way 绝不，无论如何都不
by the way 顺便说一下 lose one’s way 迷路
in one’s way 挡住某人的路 on one’s way to…在某人去…的路上
11. It is really nice to have a beautiful modern town.
用法：1. It is +形容词 +（for sb.）+ to do sth. 意为做某事（对某人来说）是…的。
举例：It is not easy to learn a foreign language well.
It is important for you to study hard.
拓展：如果表语是“kind, helpful, clever, polite”等描述人的品质，性格等的形容词时，则因在不定式前使用“of sb.”的结构。
e.g. It is kind of you to lend me so much money.
12. However, most of my friends have moved away.
用法：1. however 副词，意为“然而”，可位于句首，句中或句末；位于句首时，后用逗号
隔开，位于句中时，前后均用逗号隔开，位于句末时，前用逗号隔开。
举例：However, this does not always happen. 然而，这样的情况并不总发生。
She falls ill. She goes to work, however, and stays up late. 她病了，然而她依旧去上班并且还熬夜。
13. It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.
用法：1. impossible 形容词，意为“不可能的”其反义词为“possible”。
在英语中，形容词的否定前缀有“un-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-,”等。
2. as…as… 意为“像…一样…”中间用形容词或者副词的原级。其否定形式为 not as…as… 或者 not so…as…
举例： My sister is not as/so tall as me.
【当堂训练】
一、词汇运用
A.根据汉语提示完成句子
1.The man has been _____________________(结婚) for over 15 years.
2.The government _________________(意识到) it was a serious problem. [来源:Zxxk.Com]
3.The old man lives alone, he often feels a bit ___________________(孤独).
4.It is ___________________(不可能) for us to sleep with that noise.
5.The poison in the ____________________(废物) killed fish and plants.
二、单项选择。
( )1. My grandmother lives_______ now but she never feels_______.
A. alone; alone B. lonely; lonely C. alone; lonely D. lonely; alone
( )2._______some ways, he does better than I.
A. In B. On C.
For D. With
( )3. --- Where do you live?
--- I live near the supermarket in the_______ part of the town_______ my family.
A. north; with B. northern; with C. north; near D. northern;, near
( )4. This coat is _______tight. I can't put it on.
A. a bit B. little C. not a bit D. a bit of
( )5. The house looks_______ bigger.
A. much more B. more C. much D. more much
【课后巩固】
一、根据句意和汉语提示完成单词
1.The ice ______________(变成) into water if it is
heated.
2.David and Mary got_______________(已婚的) ten years ago.
3.Don’t_______________(污染) the river any more.
4.He decided to make an _________________(采访) with his boss.
5.---Wow, so many nice books! I don’t know which one to read.
---______________(不管怎样), you have to make a decision. [来源:Z|xx|k.Com]
6.—Have you ____________(曾经) been to Russia?
---No, I have never been to that country.
7.What are the _______________(妻子) doing while their husbands are watching TV?
8.Who have you lived in the city with ______________(在…期间) the years?
9.The boy __________________(意识到) that he didn't do i
t well.
10.May is new here, but she doesn’t feel ________________(孤独的)
B.用所给单词的适当形式填空
11.There are many shoe ____________________(factory) in the town.
12.The water _________________(pollute) is a big problem.
13.Do you know the place very __________________(good)?
14.T
here is a big zoo in the ________________(south) part of the city.
15.Their ____________________(wife) are working hard to make more money.
