8B Unit 2 Travelling
第四课时Grammar
【 学习目标】
Using have / has gone to sw and have /has been to sw.
Verbs with for and since
Differences between verbs for short period and verbs for long time
【 课前预习】
写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词
find ____________ ____________ begin_____________ _____________
break______________ _________ bring____________ _____________
build____________ ____________ drink____________ _____________
tell _____________ ____________ leave____________ ____________
feel_____________ ____________ fall_____________ _____________
think____________ _____________ hurt____________ _____________
say_____________ _____________ shake__________ _____________
rise_____________ _____________ forget___________ _____________
throw___________ _____________ wake____________ _____________
lie______________ _____________ grow____________ _____________
【知识点拨】
1.over 作为adj ，在现在完成时中，当句子出现一段时间时，finish 和stop都要用be ov
er 来转化。
eg他通常在放学后踢足球。
He usually plays football _________ _________ _________ _________ .
2.短暂性动词和延续性动词
英语中还有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续，只是一瞬间就结束了，这类动词叫“短暂动词”，常见的有：come ,go ,arrive ,reach, see, hear,close ,open ,leave ,begin,start,buy,fall,join,die,get up, become,borrow,lend,find,finish,receive,等。这些动词可以用于完成时，但不能和一段时间状语（how l
ong , for , since ）连用。
现在完成时可以与表示时间段的（for，since，how long ，all on
e’s life）状语连用的动词必须是表示延续的情况或动作，即延续性动词。如：be ,have,know ,live,work,study,等
常见的短暂性动词和延续性动词的转化
3.[
1 borrow |
has \have kept |
2 buy |
has \have had |
3 open |
has \have been open |
4 leave |
has \have been away |
5 die |
has \have  been dead |
6 close |
has \have been closed |
7 join |
has \have been in \ a member of |
8 start \begin |
has \have been on |
9 finish |
has \have been over |
10 arrive |
has \have been here |
11 come to |
has \have been in |
12 get married |
has \have been married |
【 当堂训练】
一、用have/ has been to; have/ has gone to 和have/ has been in 填空
1.Guilin is a good place. I _____ there twice.
2.Sandy the library. She will be back in two hours.
3.She left for Beijing last year. She the city for one year.
4.-How many times the children France? –Many times.
5.How long the man ___ the village?
6.I Thailand since last year.
7. you ever the World Park?
8.Millie never abroad.
9.Where 
you these days?[来源:学科网]
10.Eric and Lin
da the square. Let’s join them, too.
二、短暂性动词所对应的延续性动词。
Begin/start____________ finish/stop_____________ come/go to... ________________
leave(...)________________ borrow_______________ join________________________
marry________________ die ___________________ open________________________
buy _________________ reach_________________ catch a cold___________________
fall asleep____________ close_________________ become interested in_____________
【 课后提升】
一、单项填空
( )1.I have studied English three years ago.
A. since B. for C .in D. on
( )2.-Have you seen Jack these days? –No , I haven’t. He Beijing.
A .have been in B. has been to C. has gone to D. has gone
( )3.Tom’s already cleaned the classroom, he?
A. hasn’t B. has C. isn’t D. is
( )4.We some places of interest since we China.
A. have visited; arrived B. visited; arrived
C .have visited; reached D. visited; reached[来源:学科网]
( )5,-Have they watered the flowers ? –Yes, they have done it .
A. already; already B. already; yet C. yet; already D. yet; yet
( )6.- you still in your office? –No, I back home.
A. Are; working; came B. Have; worked; am coming
C. Are; working; have come D. Did; work; am coming
( )7.Our teacher to the office. He will be back ten minutes.
A. has been; in B. has gone; in C. has been ; after D. has gone; after
( )8.-So far, how long you China? –For one year.
A.have; come to B.have; gone to C.have; been to D.have; been in
( )9.There great changes in our hometown in the past few years.
A.has been B.was C.were D.have been
( )10.Have you been a teacher three years?
A.for B.in C.since D.at
( )11.I _______ home from South Africa for a week up to now.
A.have returened B.have been back C.returned D.were
( )12..Most of my good friends,______Li Dong,Liu Hua,Wang Ying, are very kind.
A.for example B.as example C.such as D.such that
二、句型转换
1.He bought the motorcycle over two years ago.（1-10为同义转换）
He the motorcycle over two years.
2.He borrowed this book nearly three weeks ago.
He this book for nearly three weeks.
3.They joined the army four months ago.
They the army for four months.
4.The class stopped ten minutes ago.
The class ten minutes ago.
5.His grandp
a died in 2003.
His grandpa since 2003.
6.The exhibition has been on for three days.
The exhibition __________ three days ago.
7.Suzy joined the League (入团) last year.
Suzy _________ ________ a League __________ for a year.
8.Miss Jiang arrived in Australia in 2008.
Miss Jiang Australia ________2008.[来源:学科网]
9.The weak patient fell asleep four hours ago.[来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K]
The weak patient for four hours.
10.Helen left school two years ago.
Helen school for two years.
11.Kate’s never done that before.，_____________?(反义疑问句)
Kate’s never late for school，_____________? (反义疑问句)
It’s made of stones, _____________?(反义疑问句)
三、动词填空
1.Mother’s Day is coming. But he (not buy) a present for his mother yet.
2.Last week we (watch) the parade through the window.
3.My friend waved to me while I (walk) along the street.
4.They (visit) Hello Kitty’s house as soon as they arrive.
5.- you (be) to the Great Wall? –Yes. I (go) to it in 1999.
6.-Where’s Kate? –She (去) New York for Christmas Day.
7.- you （get） everything? –Not yet.
8.The Browns (return) to England for their holiday next week, aren’t they?
9. you ever (throw) any litter on the ground in the park?
10.Can you give any ideas about which gift (choose)?
11.The cat (eat) fish when its owner came into the room.
12.It’s 15 years since they (get) married.
13.The car accident (happen) on the road near our school yesterday.
14.Tom was sorry for _______(be) late. But the teacher’s smile made him _ （feel）better
15. (make) our world a better place, we need to reduce（减少） the air pollution.
16.I (not check) my e-mail today. What did you send to me?
四、完成句子
1.我来北京5年了。I Beijing for 5 years.
2.Jack 去过上海两次了。Jack Shanghai twice.
3.这些天他去哪儿了？ Where ________ __________?
4.我们到达香港已经两天了。We Hong Kong for two days.
5.-尼克在哪？-他去图书馆。--Where is Nick? –He ___ the library.
6.你来到了这个学校多久了？How long this school?
7.篮球赛已经开始15分钟了。 The basketball match 15 minutes _________.
8.20分钟前会议就已经结束了。The meeting 20 minutes ago.
9.从两年前他就买了这支笔。 He the pen since .
10.他父亲离家已经很多年了。His father for many years.
【中考链接】短文填空：
Travelling has been popular with people for a long time. Many of today’s travellers are trying to find an u_________ experience(经历) or adventure（冒险. Hiking m________
__ be a good choice（选择）. Instead of s________ your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the beach, you may want to try hiking. Hiking is a great way to travel. You will get c_________ to nature and take exercise at the same time. Hiking is easy to do and doesn’t h_________ to be very expensive. You can hike near home or travel to o__________ places. The basic equipment(设备) you n_______ for hiking is simple: good shoes, clothes and a backpack. You can hike in the mountain, in a forest or along a river. You can also go for a hike in the city. Hiking is fun and e__________, but you shouldn’t forget safety. Here are some basic tips for successful hiking:
﹡Don’t hike a_______________.
﹡Bring water, a good map and a cell phone.
﹡Wear a hat to p____________ yourself from the sun.
